Guardian -- 1963-05-30 -- Page 6

—s

The Guardion

Covers Prince Edward Island Like The Dew
W. J. Hancox, Publisher
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THURSDAY, MAY 30, 1968.

PAGE 6

A Chance For Reform

Hope is now being expressed
that the defense committee which
the Pearson Government proposes to
establish shortly will do a badly
needed reform job on the setup of
the defense department itself, both
in its civil and military branches.

On the civil side, the Glassco
royal commission made several sug-
gestions, notably with respect to the
role of the deputy minister of the
department which is at present too
rarrowly circumseribed. This results
in depriving the minister of the staff
assistance he requires. Given the
present size and complexity of the
armed forces, he must have
more adequate civil support if he is
to discharge his duties effectively.

The commission recommended,
specifically, that a strong staff, es-
sentially civilian in character, and
outside the framework of the ser-
vices, be built up to assist the min-
ister and presumably prevent him
from relying too heavily on wholly
military advice. :

OUTMODED SYSTEM—But this
is not all. According to the Winnipeg
Free Press in a series of editorials
‘on the subject, at the root of the
problem is the fact that all three
services are operating under a staff
system which was obsolete half a
century ago, and which Britain
abandoned after the Boer War.

The chief objection to this sys-
tem is that the army’s commander-
in-chief carries a responsibility far
too heavy for one individual, and he
tends to rely on others whose train-
ing and habits of thought are identi-
cal to his own. The minister, for his
part, is a transient political figure,
ostensibly senior in authority but in
fact almost totally dependent on one
man for advice.

In Britain the army functions
under an army council, patterned on
the admiralty board and composed
of the secretary of state for war,
who is chairman; the permanent un-
der-secretary (deputy minister) ;
the parliamentary under-secretary ;
the chief of the imperial general
staff; the adjutant-general; the
quartermaster-general ; and the vice-
and deputy-chiefs of the imperial
general staff.

Each military member of the
council has specifically assigned
responsibilities and takes his orders
from the council as a whole, rather
than from a minister or a command-
er-in-chief. Thus the chief of the
imperial general staff is responsible
for training, intelligence and “ad-
vising as to” military operations;
the adjutant-general, though he may
be lower in rank, carries responsi
ity for recruiting, personnel, medi-
cal and legal services and army wel-
fare; other civil and military mem-
bers have their own responsibilities
and, regardless of rank, speak with
an equal voice in the council.

ADVANTAGES—There are two
great advantages to this system.
One is that Js has aE th e

between the minister ida the com-
mander of the army. The other is
that it has assured complete civil
control beyond the parliamentary
level and right into the organiza-
tion of the service itself.

‘These reforms proved so suc-
cessful in the British army that
they were incorporated into the
Royal Air Force when it was estab-
lished in 1917 and today all three
‘British services are still administer-
4 by councils of senior civil and

military officials, each with his own
carefully defined functions and each
with direct access to the minister
heading the department concerned.

Here is an example which might
well be considered when the propos-
ed defense committee is appointed
in the Canadian Parliament. If some
sense of order and coherence {is to
be restored to defense policy, this
would seem to be the logical place
in which to make a start.

Proud Of The Struggle

Washington has a new Ambas-
sador to Finland, Mr. Carl T. Rowan,
whose first statement to the press
on his arrival at Helsinki was with
regard to racial situations like those
at Birmingham, Ala., and Oxford,
Miss, which he described as a dis-
grace to the United States. The point
of Mr. Rowan’s remarks, however,
was that this disgrace was felt by
the American people generally.

It was not something they were
complacent about, far less inclined
to excuse. The President, the Attor-
ney General and the Supreme Court
have made it clear time and again
that segregation is a violation of the
Constitution, and it is this interpre-
tation that will prevail.

“People ought to understand
these events that have taken place
in Birmingham and Oxford, because
there will be more of them,” Mr.
Rowan said. The situation is quite
different from what it was 20 years
ago because the Negro is more
educated, politically more powerful,
and has more money; and he is de-
termined to use these resources to
achieve first-class citizenship. He
also has very important support—
the support of the Government of
the United States.

The Ambassador added that he
was proud of the struggle that is
going on to wipe out this blot on the
American record, proud of the prog-
ress achieved and confident of the
success that would crown the efforts
of those who were fighting in the
cause of justice and equity.

Mr. Rowan has two claims to
special distinction, one of them very
pertinent to the issue on which he
spoke so frankly. At 87 he is the
youngest Ambassador for the Unit-
ed States, and he is a Negro.

Roadside Menace

The farmers of Bruce County,
Ontario, are clamoring for drastic
action to curb an abuse which is by
no means non-existent in this Prov-
ince. It has to do with roadside beer
drinkers who heave their empty
bottles from car windows, causing
a litter which is dangerous as well
as ugly and unsanitary. These bot-
tles tend to get broken, and broken
glass in farm lands punctures the
tires of farm tractors, gets in the
gears and pulleys of farm machin-
ery, and, most distressing of all, gets
in the throats and stomachs of ani-
mals grazing in the field.

There are laws prohibiting this
irresponsible practise, but the Bruce
Federation of Agriculture believes
they do not go far enough. It
wants bottling companies restrained
from using glass containers alto-
gether, and has passed a resolution
to this effect. Waxed cardboard
containers heaved out of car win-
dows would—concededly—make an
untidy landscape, but they would
not cut a child’s foot, or cause a cow
to die from internal bleeding. Metal

iners would rust

THE OTTAWA CIRCUS

OTTAWA REPORT by

Patrick Nicholson

NATO Conference Regarded As Milestone

The North Atlantic Treaty Or- |
ganization is fourteen years old,
In that time, it has held its
sters twice in Ot-

ch of those Ottawa Confer-
ences has marked a decisive
eoning point in the history of

pat Bitmap 1951, the Ottawa
meeting comprised, for the first
time, not only the Foreign Min-
isters but also the Finance Min-
isters and the Defence Ministers
of the member countries. This
marked formal recognition t ha t
the costly defence effort by the
alliance was creating financial
and economic problems such as
inflation, imbalance of interna- |
tional payments and barriers to
a freer flow of trade. |

To study these rising difficul- |
ties, and to propose solutions,
the Ministers set up a commit
tee of five, whose report stress-
ed the need for active measures |
to implement the ‘Canadian |
Clause” in the this is
the famous Article Two, which
binds the member countries to
co-operate in the economic, pol-
itical, social, cultural and infor.
mation fields as well as in de-

ence.

That 1951 Ottawa meeting also
recognized that NATO must be
more than a club of rich white
western nations, which could so
easily be misunderstood by the
less favoured nations of the wo
as a conspiracy to use naked
armed force to preserve for our-
selves our privileged wealth. The
first broadening of the circle was
achieved at that meeting, by in-
viting Greece and Turkey to join
the pact - a step which also had
considerable military. merit
CREATING PARTNERSHIP
Tlaiary) eultiooerbaniatoh ihe |
1963 Ottawa meeting as a sim-
arly significant milestone, al- |
though the true significance was |
not made clear in the innocuous
wording of the Ministers’ ‘final
communique.

The enormous disparity In
strength and wealth) between |

.S.A. and other members of
the North Atlantic aDiance of
course led to that country bear-
ing the greatest share of the
very onerous defence burden.
But the consequence, which was
not welcomed by allies who are
equal in status if not in stature,
was that the predominant ally
tended more and more first to
lead, then to dictate, and finally
to go it alone. There w:
sentful and not altogether un-
justified Gis that NATO had
an alliance

away, as glass will not.

There might be difficulty in the
way enforcing legislation of the
kind proposed—it would apply to
soft-drink bottlers as well as brew-
eries and distilleries; but the farm-
ers’ grievance in this case is a real
one, and calls for a combined drive
against, a practice which should no
longer be tolerated in any commun-
ity. .

EDITORIAL NOTE

Justice Minister Chevrier has
promised to order his investigators
to “look anew” into causes of the
recent boost in sugar prices. A cur-
ious point in connection with this
promise is that it came after Oppos-
ition Leader Diefenbaker had re-
ported that as of March 31 there
were 47(/,000,000 pounds of sugar in
storage in Canada, and had charged
that there had been “unconscionable
profits in the refining industry.”
One would imagine that the storage
figures quoted by Mr. Diefenbaker
would be as accessible to the Gov-
ernment as to the Opposition, and
that Mr. Chevrier, in particular,
would be familiar with them,

into a eguatellAAoh of one super-
state attended by a cluster of
little satellites.
EVERSING GEOPOLITICS
The most vivid manifestation
of this has been the counter-

hopefully for Western Europe,
by General De Gaulle. At worst,
there would be developed a Eur-
opean super - state, possibly ex-
ceeding ane USA in manpower
and know - how and resources,
which weal be a Third Force in |
the worl

And of course it would possess |
and control its own nuclear strik-
ing force. Further, as Britain's
abortive attempt to join the Eur- |
opean Common Market showed, |
it would become an inward-look- |
ing trade bloc imposing bar- |
riers to freer world commerce.

“The Atlantic Community must |
come together; in one Atlantic
Community,”” declare} P rim
Minister Pearson, in his address

of welcome to the delegates.
“The West cannot afford t wo
such Communities, a Europea
one and a North American one,
each controlling its own policies |
and each moving away from the |

other as a common menace re- |
des.

Disturbed Mind
Will Play Tricks

By Dr. Theodore R. Van Dellen

THE MIND plays strange
tricks on the An excell
ent example, concerning E &
derly woman, appeared in
cent issue of the Axnuaia of la:
ternal Medicine. ‘Byer duane
29, for 38 years, sh

oped bay fever which lasted FH
days and then cleared. These
bouts consisted of fever, tear-
ing of the eyes, nasal conges
tion, and coug!

es «that was not all. For -20

"3 she also experienced a
Tour day siege of diarrhea
addition, a

appeared on her arms ev-
ery March that lasted tires “to
five weeks. The eruption had
recurred like clockwork since,
1951 and always cleared up
‘spontaneously.

When this woman's puzzling
story was fitted together it was
obvious she was suffering from
three anniversary reactions in-
volving the respiratory tract,
the intestine, and the skin.
term is used because the illnes-
ses recurred at the same time
each year. An emotional up-
set is the usual cause of anni
ecsary) concen

james HL

and Dr. Stewart Wolf wueston
ed the women, they fou

her husband had been Milled in
1919, leaving her with two sons
and a daughter. Three years la-
ter she fell in love with a mar-
ried man who resembled her
dead husband but on August
29, 1924, he left her to return to
his wife, This rejection precipi-
tated an episode of weeping and
a nasal discharge that marked
the beginning of the hay fever
of 38 years duration,

She consulted an osteopath 17
years later for her hay fever
bouts and became infatuated
with him, In mid-July of the
next year he was killed in an
auto accident. Shortly thereaft-
cr, diarrhea made its debut. In
1949 she sought medical aid
from a depressed, elderly phy-
sician who was drinking too

h and going downhill. She
tried to help him but he died in
March of 1951. Shortly thereaf-
| ter she received an injection of
| penicillin and developed a skin
reaction. This was the initial
appearance of the ras!

Her present physicians be-

| lieve that her husband's death

‘The 1963 Ottawa Conference, | made this woman emotionally

| by noting this need, by founding |

a multinational nuclear force in
whose direction the lesser a
tions may participate, reversed

insecure and that each attempt
| to maintain the family as a unit
led to further damage to her
security. I suppose we never

the trend towards a two - prong: | will know how the mind produc-

ed Atlantic alliance. History may | ed the:

credit the “dull” Ottawa meeting |
with one of the most significant |
achievements on the difficult
road to achieving a true com- |
munity of the Atlantic nations. |

The Right Way To Worry

Ottawa

The tricks some people are)
using to make the rest of us |
worry about the right things are
getting downright sneaky. The
other day a Vancouver news- |
paper ran a piece about the pop-
ulation explosion. On to the end |
of it was tacked this editor's
| note: “In the time you have tak- |
en to read this article, about |
200 babies have been born.””

That is nasty. Right off the bat |
it makes you feel guilty for tak-
ing time around reading
articles when so many “babies
are up and doing. And it’s mis-
leading. At an easy cruising
speed the article took one min- |
ute, 45 seconds to read. Every
man who has served time in the
maternity ward waiting room
knows that it takes many times
longer than that for even one
baby to be born.

Perhaps the note was written
by a woman. Women do not sit

Journal |
|

in maternity ward waiting
rooms. They are kept busy do-

ing pleasant, relaxing exercises
which make the time seem
shorter!

Tt must be admitted that this |
Vancouver note is not as bad as |
the one that used to keep crop- |
ping up at the end of all manner |
of articles. That one said, ‘“Ima-

ine! While, you were reading |

Chinese Communi s ts |
irereiroer a7 beta taro
rier had to sit there and ee
fine the whole thing, Tle ht |

through to where the doctor |
walked into the waiting room |

said, “Congratulations! You
are the father of an 8'2-pound
Chinese Communis

Imagining that 50 times in the |
space of 2! minutes could leave
the worrier emotionally disturb- |
ed. He knows how he would feel |
it the doctor said it to him. |

What Is A Bohunk?

D. Kermode Parr in the Fredericton Gleaner

‘That odd term appears in the |
list of Canadian words printed in
the new Atlantic Year Book 1963.
‘These are words that oricinated |
in Canada, or are normally used |
only in this country, or that have

special meanings here. They

ame from various sources at
Gifferent times, and all the in-

formation I have on this ‘‘bo-
hunk” is that it was supplied by
one of the erudite professors
working on the Canadian lang:
uage, with no other detail but
the meaning: “labour

Use of it In a press release
about our Year Book brought me
some observations from Alden
Nowlan, the poet. He wrote that
in Hants County, Nova Scot ia,

move charted for France, and

the word was a derogatory rac-

Successes | For r Dr. Erhard

is only one month since
Lutwis Erhard, the West Ger- |
man Vice-Chancellor and Econ-
omics Minister, was named by

his party to succeed ore
te |

Adenauer this autumn. Yet

has already demonstrated cone
siderable , determination and
sureness of judgment, And this
may come as some surprise to
those who thought Dr. Erhard
had seemed lacking in political
wisdom in his party conflicts
with Dr. Adenauer.

Shortly after his nomination
Dr. Adenauer’s successor,
of the most important in-

dustrial ‘disputes in the post-
war period broke out. A battle
between labor and lus-

try seemed to be on the point |
the | from both sides,

of spreading throughout
country. Dr. Ei intervened,

placing his personal prestige at |

stake, and succeeded in bring-
ing both sides. toa Pg secied

Following this, hard
decided to take part in the
state elections in Lower Saxony.
This was a gamble, for in sev-
eral recent elections the Chris-
tian Democratic Party has lost
considerable support. In the re-
sult, the Christian Democrats

| showed a large percentage
gain. This did not give them
victory. The Social Democrats
also gained and will hold the
largest number The

‘third parties” lost heavily.
But the fact that the Christian
Democrats could gain support,
when they had but recently
been losing it, is important,
and is being at least partly cre-
dited to, Dr. Erhard's interven-
tion in the ca

‘The Economies Minister scor-
ed a third success in Geneva, in
the preliminary trade negotia-
tions between Common
Market and the United States.
The talks fad been clave to fall
formula

ure.
that Tiealle ‘won
have been proposed
hard.

Since he was named succes-
sor to Dr. Adenauer, Economics
Minister Erhard has enjoyed
marked success, If he can con-
tinue this record, there will no
| Ionger be any talk of his being
insufficiently experienced in
po Litho fo spate ee aged

indi-
| cating a word mainly of Amer-

fal epithet, like “wop” or “hun-
Kie,” and normally referred to
labourers of east European ori-
gin. It never was used to denote
a native labourer.

In Carleton County, New
Brunswick, on the other hand,
Mr. Nowlan finds that “bohunk”
is a word used only by old-tim-
ers, and then to mean “‘some-
one who fs careless or slovenly
‘a rather boyish way. The
grandfather will speak of his
Seapesrace grandsons as ‘young

seem to be much in use in the |
Maritimes, and those who may |
come out with it are likely to be
men of above sixty years of age.

Naturally I looked (after read-
ing Mr. Nowlan’s interesting
note) in some more dictionaries.
The Concise Oxford gives it the
meaning of “Central European
labourer of inferior class,” and
marks it with an aster

ican usage, colloquial. A Webster
New Collegiate does not list
bohunk at all, but a bigger Cen-
tury dictionary includes it, giv-
ing as onl; inition “a Czech-
oslovakian.” Nothing appears in
any of these works to explain
the derivation of bohunk. It
seems altogether a pretty my-

| required

se three common symp-
toms with extraordinary regu-
larity,
BLADDER CYST
Mrs. . writes: How is a
cyst in the bladder removed?
REPL’

Small cysts and
be eradicated without making
an external incision, A cysto-
scope is used and the growth is
fulgurated with an electric cur-
ent. An abdominal operation is
when the lesion is
large and a part of the bladder
wall ae iret along
with
HEADACHES AND LEISURE

J.M. writes: I've always had
eaddehics but they are more
frequent since I broke my leg
| recently. Do you think sitting
around doing nothing is respon-
ible?

REPLY

Yes, provided the headache
is caused by tension or frustra-
tion.

ANEURYSM?

G.LB. writes: A friend told
me her cousin 1s In the hospital
with a mannerism. What
of a disease is this?

T don't know, but it sounds
like a doozie.

SINUS AND FOOD

C.W. writes: Does food play

a role in sinusit

No. Raa dng AA a possible
exce}
TODAY'S HEALTH HINT—

Air pollution is a nationwide
menace.

Our Yesterday's

(From the Guardian Files)

‘TWENTY-1 ae YEARS AGO
30, 1938

ens e train service
ee the Mainland went into
effect yesterday. At the same
time the motor jitney service
between Charlottetown and
Summerside which is schedul-
ed to continue throughout the

Moreover, the word does not! summer months was inaugurat-
ed.

Slight damage was caused
by a roof blaze at the old
smoke house in connection with
Roop's Limited, meat and fish

dealers, Grafton Street, yester-
day afternoon,

bah Avert AGO

Miss maton ’ Mecalley BSe
(ED) of the Wisconsin Teach-
ers’ College is conducting a se-
ties of demonstrations in read-

in the various schools of
the province, sponsored by the
W.J. Gage Co., Toronto. Ar-
rangements for these demon-
strations which are for the
nefit of those teaching the pri-

| HAD SECOND THOUGHTS

MONTREAL (CP)—Two gun-
men walked into a suburban
bank branch, then decided they
didn't need money as badly as
they thought. They walked into
a branch of the Banque Canadi-
lay, ane
hesitated,
then turned and ran out; wit-
nesses said.

ARMY PR PICKED
Dea (CP)

B.D. M
inted deputy dire
ot Clastion Army public rela-
tions, it was announced Wednes-
day. He will assume his new

| German Chancellor,

duties in Ottawa June 7.

mai rades, we
sterious word. the focal De nee ot Educa-
tion.

A Catholic Women's League

isl
Clarking and Mrs. W.J.P. Mac-
Millan assisted in the ceremony.
mony.

USE HOVERCRAFT '
A ercial’ hovercraft
service is planned for sightseers
on the River Thames tn London.

The
FLYING DUTCHM
a La
“Your Island Steak
House”

tumors can |

NOTES BY

THE WAY _

Short skirts, it’s claimed, make
girls look taller. Also, they're
apt to make men look longer.—
Sarnia Observer,

ae don’t think smoking

makes a woman's voice harsh,
ty Popping a garti 00 het
It Reporter.

Latest thing in lelsure shoes
for men is the custom-made al-
ligator loafer, Could anyone who
nee afford it? — Ottawa Jour-
nal.

me ee eee
department store

eee fos not so smart him-

self.—Toronto Star.

A farmer 1s a paradox. He 1s
an overalled executive with his
own home his office; a scien-
tist using fertilizer attachments;
a purchasing agent in an old
straw hat
with grease
nails; a production expert faced
with a is; and a manager
facing a price cost squeeze. —
Oakville Joumal-Record.

Frederic Bastiat, 19th - cen.
tury French polltical ou Geonomist
Ge: Everyone wants to live at

the expense of the state. The y
forget that the state ges at the
‘expense of everyone. — Galt Re-
porter.

_ baby sitter to returning par.

“Yes, Johnnie went to bed
er a vaink Alas 8.50, 9.10,
40, 1020, 11, 11.35, and’ mid.
night!” — Hamilton Spectator,

pitts can't swim, we're told

Then why, we wonder, do they

get into bathing suits during the
winter? — Chatham News.

It was discovered that for
eight months the new clerk had
mistaken the wastepaper chute
down to the furnace room for
a filing cabinet. As a result, she
had stuffed down the chute ev-
ery letter given her to file. “And
that's not the worst of it,” la-
mented a vice - president of the
firm. “We figure that we lost
‘over 5,000 letters — and to this
day, we haven't needed a on- of
mi!" — Wall Street Journal,

Duvalier Rides Out Storm

By Harold Morrison
Canadian Press Staff Writer

French President de Gaulle
may have the United
States to think twice about en-
couraging the overthrow of Hai-
tian President Francois Duval-
r.

While the U.S. screamed

about the alleged butchery of
the Duvalier regime, de Gaulle
sent the strongman a letter dis-
cussing the warm cultural rela-
tions between France and the
tiny Caribbean country.
US. authorities maintain,
however, the de Gaulle letter, in
reply to one sent to him by Du-
valier, had no impact on Ameri-
can policy. What the U.S. had
hoped, in fact, was to “scare”
Duvalier out of Haiti by encour-
aging prospects of an internal
revolt against his regime.
American authorities now admit
their policy had backfired.

Instead of seeking to escape
from Haiti with a huge fortune
that he is to shave
amassed, Danes? quietly rode
out the storm and the threat of
an invasion from neighboring
Dominican Republic.

SEES NO ALTERNATIVE

Now there are reports circu-
lating in the press quoting high
sources as saying the U.S. be-
latedly sees no present alterna-
tive to the Duvalier dictator-
ship. The U.S. was not even en-
gaged in a “covert” effort to
topple the strongman, was the
way one report puts it,

It appears in retrospect that
just as the U.S. tried to change
the political situation in Cuba
and failed, it now faces failure

in its policy on Haitl. The U.s,
wants to get rid of Duvalier but
doesn't seem to know how to do
it without losing a great deal of
grace in world affairs.

While de Gaulle's letter to Du-
valier may not have been the
main cause of the sudden
change in American policy, it
undoubtedly had its impact. ‘The
US. had raised cries about the
Duvalter dictatorship and

waited to hear the echo of sup-
port from American allies,
Some in the Latin area re.
sponded favorably but Europe
U.S. LACKED SUPPORT

It became evident as_ the
weeks went by that President
Kennedy would not get much
support from Britain, France or
Canada for a Duvalier eviction

Duvalier_ shrewdly calculates

invasion odds. Many of the anti-
Duvalier Haitians who took refe
uge in the Dominican Embassy
were given safe passage out of
the country. A fact-finding team
of the Organization of Ameri-
can States was invited in and
it found many of the Dominican
charges against Haiti un-

Then came disclosure of de
Gaulle’s letter—just as the U.S,
was about to break off relations
with Duvalier. Current Ameri-
can relations with de Gaulle
are frigid. An act of aggression
against Haiti that could be
traced to American hands
might have hampered relations
with France even more.

Service Pay And Pensions

Globe and Mail, Toronto

Canadians will not be inclin-
ed to argue with the Govern-
ment’s decision to raise the pay
of the armed forces By a total
amount of million, Service
pay, especially of highranking
officers, still falls far short of
salaries in comparably respon-
sible positions in civilian life.

There are legitimate que
tions, however, about the val
of another method this coun-

has of compensating its
service employees—through the
pension. Armed forces officers
in most cases are eligible for
retirement at substantial pen-
sions at an age far earlier than
in private industry.

As the Glassco Royal Com-
mission on Government Orgai
ization noted in its most recent
report, this policy has three ob-

for youth
aniyeivaselyaisens its combat,
the need to make the armed
services more attractive to
young people, and the need to
keep the services vital by eli-
minating roadblocks to the sen-
ior positions.

Nevertheless, as the Glassco
Commission reports, the prac-
tice is a costly one in terms of

the wastage of experience
gained at public expense and
the price of providing pension
benefits. Whatever justification
the policy may have when ap-
plied to combat, it is doubt.
ful that it makes sense in the
case of noncombatant officers,
who form a very high percent:
age of the total.

For example, a lieutenant
can retire at the age of 45 with
an annual pension of $3,747.
The Glassco Commission esti-
mates the investment required
to pay him this amount at $0.
000. In the case of a lieutenant
general, who can retire at
the amount is $190,000.

The commission suggests that
provision might be made for
continuing to use such person-
nel in the public service after
the retirement date from the
armed forces. The suggestion is
one that should be considered.

55,

Nightmare | Utopia

Men are forever sae
of ideal communities, uto}
where everybody se ace ‘tis
share of what needed to be
done, everyone would love one
another and everyone be hap-
Py. Plato's Republic, Bacon's
New Atlantis and More’s Ut
Pia were no more than idea:
But in the 19th century many
utopian communities were set
up, ran ideally for a while then
foundered on human _ frailty.
Men couldn't be disciplined as
community living required, nor
could they at all times keep the
injunction, “Love one another.”
A new attempt ts being made
.F, Skinner of Harvard.
inventor of teaching machines
and the baby crib in which the
baby is neither cuddled ner
changed, is seeking volunteers
for a community to be called

havioral —_ engineerin; Dr.
Skinner gets his ideas about
what can be done with people
by experimenting on rats. They
can be conditioned, as wre
Paviov's dogs, te many
things — particularly if the end
Product of obedience is food.
Dr. Skinner doesn't seem to
have benefited wholly from his
experiments. His utopia is to
have “monastic reading-at-ta-
ble, music in approp-
priate moods,” all the ameni-
ties of gracious living. Except
one. “Schedules are important,”
his outline reads. “No between
meals, no midnight snacks.”
Any utopia would founder on
this rule. Utopias are supposed
to be Heaven on earth and we
prefer Sydney Smith's idea of
Heaven: “Eating pate de foie

Lifeguild. It is based on “be-

gras to the sound of trumpets.”

|

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